I worked on one of the main human spaceflight ones called ELIPS, which stands for the European Life and Physical Sciences programme, but there are others for robotic exploration and earth observation for example.
ESA has an overall science program that all member states participate in and then they have lots of optional programs that your country can choose to do if they want like:
Human Spaceflight
Robotics and Exploration
Earth Observation
Space Situational Awareness (that’s a posh way of saying looking at spacejunk)
Launches (rockets)
Navigation (Galileo – it’s the European GPS)
Telecommunications
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